How to report cryptocurrency
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Cryptocurrency is a type of virtual currency that uses cryptography to secure transactions that are digitally recorded on a distributed ledger, such as a blockchain. Will I recognize a gain or loss when I sell my virtual currency for real currency? When you sell virtual currency, you must recognize any capital gain or loss on the sale, subject to any limitations on the deductibility of capital losses. For more information on capital assets, capital gains, and capital losses, see Publication , Sales and Other Dispositions of Assets.
The Form asks whether at any time during , I received, sold, sent, exchanged, or otherwise acquired any financial interest in any virtual currency. During , I purchased virtual currency with real currency and had no other virtual currency transactions during the year. Must I answer yes to the Form question? If your only transactions involving virtual currency during were purchases of virtual currency with real currency, you are not required to answer yes to the Form question.
The Form asks whether at any time during , I received, sold, exchanged, or otherwise disposed of any financial interest in any virtual currency. How do I answer the question on the Form ? How do I determine if my gain or loss is a short-term or long-term capital gain or loss? If you held the virtual currency for one year or less before selling or exchanging the virtual currency, then you will have a short-term capital gain or loss. If you held the virtual currency for more than one year before selling or exchanging it, then you will have a long-term capital gain or loss.
For more information on short-term and long-term capital gains and losses, see Publication , Sales and Other Dispositions of Assets. How do I calculate my gain or loss when I sell virtual currency for real currency? Your gain or loss will be the difference between your adjusted basis in the virtual currency and the amount you received in exchange for the virtual currency, which you should report on your Federal income tax return in U.
For more information on gain or loss from sales or exchanges, see Publication , Sales and Other Dispositions of Assets. How do I determine my basis in virtual currency I purchased with real currency? Your adjusted basis is your basis increased by certain expenditures and decreased by certain deductions or credits in U. For more information on basis, see Publication , Basis of Assets. Do I have income if I provide someone with a service and that person pays me with virtual currency?
When you receive property, including virtual currency, in exchange for performing services, whether or not you perform the services as an employee, you recognize ordinary income. For more information on compensation for services, see Publication , Taxable and Nontaxable Income. Does virtual currency received by an independent contractor for performing services constitute self-employment income?
Generally, self-employment income includes all gross income derived by an individual from any trade or business carried on by the individual as other than an employee. Consequently, the fair market value of virtual currency received for services performed as an independent contractor, measured in U. Does virtual currency paid by an employer as remuneration for services constitute wages for employment tax purposes?
Generally, the medium in which remuneration for services is paid is immaterial to the determination of whether the remuneration constitutes wages for employment tax purposes. Consequently, the fair market value of virtual currency paid as wages, measured in U. How do I calculate my income if I provide a service and receive payment in virtual currency? The amount of income you must recognize is the fair market value of the virtual currency, in U.
In an on-chain transaction you receive the virtual currency on the date and at the time the transaction is recorded on the distributed ledger. Will I recognize a gain or loss if I pay someone with virtual currency for providing me with a service? That has led to increased focus on areas such as customer onboarding and due diligence, regulatory compliance, risk management, and tax reporting.
This trend will only increase as coverage is expanded to applicable commercial businesses. Tax authorities know that global information reporting drives compliance. For the most part, corporations and individuals want to pay the correct taxes to the correct authorities. Harmonization and clarification of reporting helps them do that. It should surprise no one, therefore, that these two big trends are colliding.
Tax authorities and regulators want to bring crypto into the Global Information Reporting system. Legislators and regulators are supporting this initiative and assisting them to make it happen. Expectations take shape Significant news on this front comes out of the United States. In early November , the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act was passed, which included a range of provisions aimed at bringing cryptocurrencies and other digital assets into the scope of existing codes sections and I, in particular 5.
The new law specifies a requirement for transfer statements to be furnished between brokers when digital assets are transferred, and it attempts to close gaps by extending transfer reporting to include transfers to non-brokers. The US Treasury Department is not the only major organization eyeing crypto.
Having gone through a round of industry consultation, the draft is expected to be released before the end of this year. An industry consultation process was executed in the spring of , and observers expect drafts to circulate before the end of the year. These proposed regulations sit on top of a complex web of existing national and global frameworks and tax rules regarding crypto assets and currencies. In many markets, the topic of crypto is being discussed by numerous different authorities—from financial stability boards to the US Treasury.
Each is now considering how it will address concerns rising in its particular sphere. Prepare yourself The impact of these proposals—individually and in combination—will likely be significant. For those who already boast robust information reporting capabilities and processes, preparing for the new requirements will likely take some careful thinking. Those with less capability or experience in this area may find themselves facing some rather heavy lifting. That being said, there are four areas in particular that every organization should think about before considering what it will take to achieve compliance: applicability, requirements, impact, and operations.

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