Betting and Gaming Act Date: Held by: The National Archives, Kew. Former reference in its original department: CRI 2/5/ The Bill legalises the playing of games of cards and other games for money in which millions of people indulge and from which they take pleasure, and which. Betting and Gaming Act · Authorisation and registration of agents by bookmakers and Board. · (1) No person shall by way of business receive or negotiate bets. CRYPTO BEAST

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Betting in a common betting house 5. Money paid recoverable 7. Presumption against person accepting or receiving stakes, etc. Presumptions 9. Court to make order for demolition of structural contrivances for facilitating betting Whenever it appears to the court upon the trial of any offence under this Act that the place in or in respect of which the offence is alleged to have been committed is a common betting house and that the place is fitted or provided with any of the means or contrivances mentioned in section 9, the court shall order the demolition and destruction of such of them as consist of staircases, doors, partitions, ladders, planks, platforms, posts, palings, bars, bolts and other things which appear to the court to have been specially erected or constructed for the purpose of facilitating the carrying on of betting on the premises.

Search warrant against premises used as common betting house Search warrant against persons in possession of betting instruments Arrest and search upon suspicion Any police officer having reasonable suspicion that such articles as are mentioned in section 12 may be found on any person and having reasonable ground for believing that by delay in reporting the offender may escape, may arrest and search that person himself and if any such article is found upon the person searched the offender shall be taken before a police officer not below the rank of sergeant to be dealt with according to law.

Magistrate or police officer may himself enter and search Evidence by police officer to be presumptive evidence Gaming Acts resulted in and banning wagers on a wide range of pub games, including roulette and darts. This had little effect on those who played behind closed doors however — such as the majority of the aristocracy.

Like many aspects of British culture early gaming and gambling laws were brought in to control the working classes. By the 's however gambling had become rife in all classes of society requiring a more stringent set of laws. Early Bookmakers There were three big problems with the rise of independent bookies like Harry Ogden in the early 's. The first issue was a lack of regulation. There were no specific laws to ensure that bookmakers paid out correctly or even at all and conversely, unprotected away from the course, bookies were often lynched by sore losers and other unscrupulous agents.

Most bets therefore were placed with a written contract and this meant courts were becoming clogged up with debt settling cases. The government now took the view that if you were stupid enough to bet, or lay odds, you shouldn't receive legal protections. Secondly the government of the day did not much like the fact that all this gambling was going on tax free, like most pleasures in in life they are only acceptable if you can tax it e. Finally this was the Victoria era and gambling was a heathen pursuit, an ungodly practice that poisoned the soul.

Like most other 'fun' things the Victorians wanted to have full control of all public vices. Gaming Act In response to the opinion that gambling was having damaging social effects in the 19th century a House of Lords select committee was formed. The committee set out a series of recommendations that resulted in the first piece of legislation brought in by parliament in England to help control gambling was the Gaming Act.

The act did not make betting illegal but rather sought to discourage the practice by making all wagers unenforceable as a legal contract. This meant bookmakers, or bettors, could run off with the money and the law would offer you no legal protections. The Act was set up this way to give police more powers over the working classes while still allowing gambling to take place amongst the upper classes and elite. How very British to have a law that applies differently based on your class!

Parts of the Act remained in place right up until If caught accepting bets you now could be imprisoned and so few bookies now risked the exposure of the racetrack. Whether the Gaming Act did much to stop illicit gambling away from racetracks is unlikely, many carried on regardless as if the Act didn't exist in various betting houses and dens. According to Charles Dickens a house had "sprung up on every street". The Betting Act was therefore brought in making it illegal to use or keep any property for the purposes of betting or gaming.

In combination with the Act this effectively outlawed off track betting. In reality the result was a huge increase in on-street gambling instead. The Acts allowed restricted forms of gambling at designated race tracks and I doubt the government could have predicted how popular this would be with the public.

New Victorian social reforms, such as paid holiday for workers for the first time, a growing middle class and new forms of advertisement coupled with the new technological advance of the railway saw attendances grow sharply. New race courses opened all over the country in response to this demand and special excursion trains were put on to allow all classes of people to attend the new meetings.

This is one reason why today Britain plays host to some of the oldest and most famous courses Newmarket, Epsom, Cheltenham, etc. Greyhound Racing — Working Class Gambling Having licenced gambling at race courses was all well and good and maybe for one week each year working families could travel to one for a day out. For the most part however having a bet was largely restricted to those who could afford to attend races or send agents on their behalf to place bets.

Brought over from America, Greyhound racing took off in the UK in the 's with the first characteristic oval track opening at Belle Vue in Manchester in Most greyhound tracks were within inner cities and driven by increasing living standards and worker affluence they flourished at this time. Dog racing offered a way for working class people to have a bet on their own doorsteps. Most meetings were scheduled in the evening to allow workers to attend after work.

The great depression in the 's had little effect on the rise of the sport and the Tote see later began operating at track. Following the end of WWII attendances spiked with reportedly over 30 million people attending course in , that's more than the whole population of Britain at the time. The gaming act in in combination with the rise of other sports and games and television saw greyhound racing decline from over tracks to now around Read more about the demise of greyhound racing in our article.

The Football Pools It was difficult to bet legally on anything other than horse or greyhound racing in the middle decades of the 20th Century. Many in the aristocracy had 'places' they could go and play various games or bet for money without interference but for those in the working class there was not much facility. When the football pools came along in , founded by John Moores Littlewoods in Liverpool, it offered working class men a means to have a punt on the football that was full of fun but cost very little.

A national obsession was born. The game escaped the gambling laws of the time as it was cited as a game of skill rather than chance, the low stakes nature of the game and popularity amongst workers helped it to survive. Various companies started a football pool but the two most famous were Littlewoods and Vernons and they distributed coupons outside major football games and factories.

The lure of the game was the ability to win potentially tens of thousands of pounds for fraction of a penny for each line. The football pools remained the most popular weekly 'betting' coupon up until when it was eventually superseded by the National Lottery in the hearts of the nation.

You can however still play the pools online if you like. This was an unusual move for a conservative politician but it ultimately reflected the times. The early 's was a time for change, people demanded more freedom to do what they wanted, and placing a bet changed overnight from something you did at licenced tracks and in seedy back alleys to a national institution. I won't cover the act itself in much detail, if you would like to read more about this see our article on Gambling Licences and Law.

Lifting Restrictions Over the next 40 years gambling law became more and more relaxed as restrictions were progressively listed. For example, it was only in the early 's that the trebles rule was lifted on football betting. This stipulated all football bets must be multiple bets with 3 or more selections up to this point.

Changing Tax Law Until all bets placed in the UK carried a betting levy, this was a 9p in the pound tax that could be paid either on your stake or on your winnings. By the mid 's many traditional British bookmakers were begging to move abroad to avoid the betting levy. Victor Chandler now BetVictor famously moved to Antigua in the late 's allowing them to run a tax free book for eastern clients. Fearing an exodus abroad Gordon Brown then chancellor issued a review of gambling, chaired by an old teacher of mine, Sir Alan Budd.

For the first time punters could gamble tax free — although in reality punters were still paying this tax as bookies increased their odds margins to compensate. In the internet age many bookies could get around this tax by basing their online operations abroad, this is why you see so many betting sites based in Gibraltar or Malta. In the law therefore changed again to a point of consumption tax.

This now meant if you took bets from the UK you had to pay the tax, win, win for the government. This was enforceable under the new Gambling License see next. See our article for more about gambling and betting tax for more. This resulted in the Gambling Act and the new regulator, the Gambling Commission.

Before the act anyone could set up a website anywhere in the world and take bets from UK customers. Not only did this not result in any tax for the government it also meant punters had little protection from crime and fraud. The Act was principally focused around creating an open and honest industry where vulnerable people were protected and fraud minimised. The new act also oversaw the new National Lottery as well as other lotteries to ensure maximum proceeds were given to good causes.

All bookmakers and betting sites were now required to possess a Gambling Commission licence in order act as a bookmaker in the UK, no matter where they are based. This act still applies today, to gamble safely in Britain you should only bet with licensed operators.

To find out more about the Act and the Gambling commission read our licencing article. This effectively closed loopholes that allowed companies based abroad to advertise in the UK without a gambling licence. It also changed the tax arrangements to ensure all operators must pay tax on UK profits irrespective of their location. Much of the legislation today focuses around protecting vulnerable people, such as under 18's, from gambling.

Massive fines are now levied to companies who fail to promote responsible gambling in particular. As the world of betting progressively moves online it is becoming harder for law makers to ensure they can police the whole landscape.

Saying that the UK in general is ahead of the curve on its gambling laws and better positioned than most countries moving forward. Ladbrokes - Oldest Bookmaker Still Around Today The oldest bookmaker that still exists today is Ladbrokes , I think they can claim the crown of the oldest bookmaker in the world as well as in the UK.

Back in two gentlemen known as Schwind and Pennington went into partnership together acting as commission agents for horses trained at Ladbroke Hall in Worcestershire. Pennington was the trainer Schwind the agent, Schwind's job as commission agent was to back the horses trained by Pennington. In the pair were joined by Arthur Bendir who founded the Ladbrokes name, based on the Ladbroke Hall sign. Some say the same was a pun on the words "broke lads" although this seems to have been thought up afterwards.

Bendir changed the business model of the company from just backing horses trained at Ladbroke Hall by also betting against other horses. This model made the company both punter and bookmaker. The new bookmaker achieved almost instant success and quickly moved to the Strand in London, upgrading to Hanover Square in and as a sign of their success ended up in Mayfair in From their Mayfair location Ladbrokes established themselves as an exclusive bookmaker for high class clients and aristocrats.

Five years later off-course betting was legalised in the UK and Ladbrokes opened some of the first betting shops. The company were embraced the new times and were innovators, they were the first to introduce the fixed odds football coupon for example. Ladbrokes have never looked back and having merged with Coral in are now the biggest betting and gaming brand in Britain and one of the biggest in the world. It goes to show there is a lot of money in modern bookmaking. The Totalisator Board — The Tote Until the legalisation of off course gambling nearly all official wagers were placed at the racecourse on horse or greyhound racing.

Following the and gaming and betting acts the government were now able to monitor and even tax this form legal betting from on-course bookmakers. In the government went one better, realising there was still a lot of illegal off course gambling and seeing the amount of revenue coming from gambling they set up their own Racehorse Betting Control Board under the Racecourse Betting Act The board, set up by Sir Winston Churchill no less, established a state controlled bookmaker with a presence at racetracks across the UK.

The first race meeting at which the body had a presence was the flat meeting at Newmarket in July Pari-mutual betting was the model of the new state controlled body. Rather than having fixed odds that you could bet any amount on instead you all stakes would go into a central pool.

Taxes and margins would be taken out and then the winners would receive a share of the pool. The original body was responsible for both state-controlled betting and redistributing racing funds. The later function was transferred to the Horserace Betting Levy Board. The Tote opened a high street shop in and for a long time was the only place where you could place pool pari-mutual bets. In the body expanded to allow other bookies to be able to contribute to the pool and this resulted in the Tote becoming one of the biggest bookmakers in the country with bets accepted in over shops.

The Tote teamed up with Channel 4 in launching the massive jackpot Scoop6, where punters could win hundreds of thousands to millions by predicting the winners of 6 races. This bet and other totepool bets proved, and still prove today, to be popular with punters. To read more about these bets and how to place them see our Totepool article. The Tote even managed to stay up with the times launching a hugely successful betting site, www. Betfred have maintained the totepool as a separate brand but have internalised all totepool bets into the main site making the modern totesport site basically a clone of Betfred.

If you want to know who was responsible for this it was no other than Jeremy Hunt — what a massive Hunt he is too. The First Betting Shops - Following the new gaming act in betting shops opened rapidly. The new laws came into place on the 1st May after which shops began opening at a rate of each week and by the end of the year there were an estimated 10, shops open across the country.

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